image/svg+xml Rankings of WorldUniversities About 20 different global universityrankings are listed in the Wikipediapage "College and university rankings" These rankings havean impact on scientificand educational policiesof governments Istherean universalranking withouta priori criteria andwithout cultural bias ? All these rankings are composite: Also, universities are preselected +β α +γ +δ + ... Composite score So let's shakeWikipedia !! Wikipedia Ranking of World UniversitiesConclusion WRWU is free from any cultural preferences since : - it takes into account many cultural points of view as we use all human knowledge contained in 24 Wikipedia language editions (17 millions Wiki articles) - these cultural points of view are treated on equal footing with the same statistical analysis (PageRank, CheiRank, 2DRank)WRWU measures academic excellence (top 10 and top 100are similar to ARWU) but also historic, social, or regionalimportance of universities. WRWU can be considered as complementary to already existing rankings such as ARWU, but in fact it encodesalready all existing rankings since Wikipedia containsinformation on it.Universal ranking ? Mercipourvotreattention Wikipedia Ranking of World Universities José Lages - Antoine Patt Institut UTINAMCNRSUniversité de Franche-Comté Laboratoire de Physique ThéoriqueCNRSUniversité de Toulouse http://perso.utinam.cnrs.fr/~lages/datasets/WRWU/ References:J.L., A.P., D.S, The European Physical Journal B (2016) 89: 69Zhirov et al., The European Physical Journal B (2010) 77, 523 Dima Shepelyansky (Most of) human knowledgeis encoded in WikipediaEverybody use itat least as a first approach=First contact with a subjectAbout 40M wikipages280 language editions PageRank algorithm is at the heart ofsearch engine(Brin & Page '98) Google Matrix analysis Adjacency matrix node j outdegree node j indegree For a given wikiedition, we rank all the pages using:PageRank algorithmMore a given page is pointed by important pagesmore this page is important(Measure of influence) Stochastic matrix Google matrix For a given wikiedition, we rank all the pages using:CheiRank algorithmMore a given page points to important pagesmore this page is important(Measure of communicativity) Stochastic matrix Google matrix (Chepelianskii '10, Ermann et al. '12, Zhirov et al. '10) For a given wikiedition, we rank all the pages using:2DRank algorithm(Measure influence and communicativity) (Zhirov et al. '10) Wikipedia Ranking of World Universities From the Page/Chei/2DRanking of each ofthe 24 Wikipedia language editions, we extractthe rank index of pages devoted to "Universities"and we establish top 100 for each editionsand for each algorithms. Example: PageRank algorithm appliedto frwiki (March '13) gives the following top 3:1- K=904 "Université de Harvard"2- K=1549 "Ecole Polythechnique"3- K=1558 "Université d'Oxford" Wikipedia PageRankingof World UniversitiesWRWU 1st University of Cambridge 2nd University of Oxford 3rd Harvard University 4th Columbia University 5th Princeton University 6th MIT 7th University of Chicago 8th Stanford University 9th Yale University 10th University of California, Berkeley Academic Ranking of World UniversitiesARWU ("Shanghai ranking" 2013) 1st Harvard University (-2) 2nd Stanford University (-6) 3rd University of California, Berkeley (-7) 4th MIT (-2) 5th University of Cambridge (+4) 6th California Institute of Technology (-22) 7th Princeton University (+2) 8th Columbia University (+4) 9th University of Chicago (+2)10th University of Oxford (+8) 90% overlapbetween top 10sWRWU and ARWU60% overlapbetween top 100sWRWU and ARWU Definitively, as ARWU, WRWU measures academic excellence, but not only ... Oxbridge at the top of WRWUfollowed by US major universities Marketwatch, December 10, '15 Overlap WRWU/ARWU Overlap enwiki/ARWU Overlap frwiki/ARWU Overlap dewiki/ARWU Results: 1024 ranked universites with PageRank algorithm,1378 with CheiRank algorithm and 1559 with 2DRank algorithmUniversities from 142 countries. WPRWU index WCRWU index More communicative Approximative balance betweeninfluence and communicative propertiesof universities in Wikipedia Less communicative 1 12 24 36 48 59 71 83 95 107 118 Geographical distribution of universities in WRWU As in the other rankings such as ARWU,US universities still dominate,BUT ... 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 US DE UK FR JP SE CH IT NL PL CA CN RU AT CZ DK EE EG FI IE IL NO PT Foundation country # of universities Wikipedia PageRank top 100 universities (WPRWU) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 US UK AU CA CH DE FR IL JP NL SE DK BE FI NO RU Foundation country # of universities Shanghai top 100 universities (ARWU) ... less US universitiesand more european universities among top 100, ... ... also more older universities among top 100. 0 10 20 30 40 50 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th Foundation century # of universities ARWU top100 WRWU top100 25 11 University of Bologna XIth century 97 13 University of Coimbra69 13 University of Padua XIIIth century 33 14 Charles University in Prague65 14 Jagiellonian University51 14 Sapienza University of Rome21 14 University of Vienna XIVth century 26 15 Leipzig University59 15 University of Glasgow92 15 University of St Andrews64 15 University of Tübingen XVth century 90 16 Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg80 16 Trinity College, Dublin75 16 University of Jena XVIth century 32 17 Lund University93 17 University of Amsterdam83 17 University of Tartu XVIIth century 38 18 École Polytechnique56 18 Georgetown University66 18 Saint Petersburg State University22 18 University of Göttingen99 18 University of Wrocław XVIIIth century 11 19 Humboldt University of Berlin98 19 Indiana University76 19 Keio University23 19 London School of Economics61 19 Peking University39 19 University of Bonn95 19 University of Notre Dame45 19 University of Virginia86 19 University of Warsaw71 19 Waseda University XIXth century 43 20 Al-Azhar University67 20 Free University of Berlin85 20 Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées96 20 Technical University of Berlin91 20 Tsinghua University100 20 University of Hamburg XXth century "Newcomers" in top 100 These universities are important by their historical, social, or regional impact. First universities Emergence of US universities Dominance of European universities Dominance of US universities Emergence of Asian universities Evolution through centuries What's next ? dominance of Asian universities ? Quite rigid clubof first universities"not willing" to acceptnew members Universities in Top 5were founded before XIXth century Universities in Top 43were founded before XXth century Distribution over foundation centuryfor PageRank top 100s wikieditions Distribution over foundation centuryfor CheiRank top 100s wikieditions from PageRank from CheiRank Network of cultures An arrow points from a culture A to a culture B,the width of the arrow is proportional to the number of university of culture Bappearing in the ranking of culture A Cultures in (K,K*) plane 24 Wikipedia language editionscovering 59% of world populationand 68% total Wikipages EditionLanguage N EditionLanguage N ENEnglish4212493VIVietnamese594089 DEGerman1532978FAPersian295696 FRFrench1352825HUHungarian235212 NLDutch1144615KOKorean231959 ITItalian1017953TRTurkish206311 ESSpanish974025ARArabic203328 RURussian966284MSMalaysian180886 PLPolish949153DADanish175228 JAJapanese852087HEHebrew144959 SVSwedish780872HIHindi96869 PTPortuguese758227ELGreek82563 ZHChinese663485THThai78953 About 17M wikipages considered(March '13) Each Wikipedia edition is treated asa complex network Complete ranking at: http://perso.utinam.cnrs.fr/~lages/datasets/WRWU/
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